Coronary Artery disease (CAD)

1. High blood pressure: High blood pressure can damage the walls of the arteries, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup.

2. High cholesterol: High levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

3. Smoking: Smoking damages the lining of the arteries, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup.

4. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing CAD due to high blood sugar levels damaging the arteries.

5. Obesity: Being overweight or obese can increase the risk of developing CAD due to the strain it puts on the heart.

6. Lack of physical activity: A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of developing CAD.

7. Family history: A family history of CAD can increase the risk of developing the disease.

8. Age: The risk of developing CAD increases with age.

9. Gender: Men are at a higher risk of developing CAD than women.

10. Stress: Chronic stress can increase the risk of developing CAD.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart become narrowed or blocked due to the buildup of plaque. This can lead to various symptoms and complications. Here are some general symptoms associated with coronary artery disease:

Angina: Angina is a common symptom of CAD and is characterized by chest pain or discomfort. It may feel like pressure, tightness, squeezing, or a burning sensation in the chest. The pain may also radiate to the arms, shoulders, jaw, neck, or back.

Shortness of breath: Breathlessness or difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or exertion, is another symptom of CAD. It occurs due to reduced blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart.

Fatigue: Feeling unusually tired or exhausted, even with minimal physical activity, can be a symptom of CAD. The heart's reduced ability to pump blood effectively can lead to feelings of fatigue and weakness.

Heart palpitations: Irregular heartbeats, skipped beats, or a racing heart may occur in some individuals with CAD. These palpitations can be felt as a fluttering sensation in the chest.

Dizziness or lightheadedness: Reduced blood flow to the brain can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, or a feeling of faintness. These symptoms may occur during physical exertion or suddenly when changing positions.

Sweating: Excessive sweating, particularly when combined with other symptoms such as chest pain or shortness of breath, may be a sign of CAD.

It's important to note that some individuals with CAD may not experience any symptoms, especially in the early stages. However, if you have risk factors for coronary artery disease, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, obesity, or a family history of heart disease, it's essential to monitor your health closely and undergo regular check-ups with a healthcare professional.

To diagnose coronary artery disease, various tests may be conducted, including an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress tests, echocardiogram, coronary angiography, or coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). These tests help evaluate the structure and function of the heart, identify blockages or narrowed arteries, and determine the extent of coronary artery disease.