Glaucoma Surgery

Glaucoma surgery is a procedure to treat the eye condition that damages the optic nerve, causing vision loss. The duration of surgery varies depending on the type of procedure, hospitalization requirement is usually 1-2 days, and post-surgery care includes eye drops and follow-up appointments.

Average cost of treatment-

$1,500-$2,500

Glaucoma surgery refers to various surgical procedures performed to manage and treat glaucoma, a group of eye conditions characterized by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) that can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss if left untreated.

The goal of glaucoma surgery is to lower the IOP and prevent further optic nerve damage. There are different types of glaucoma surgery, including trabeculectomy, where a small opening is created in the eye to facilitate drainage of the aqueous humor, and tube shunt surgery, which involves the placement of a tiny tube to redirect the fluid flow.

Other surgical options include laser trabeculoplasty, where a laser is used to improve fluid drainage, and cyclophotocoagulation, which uses laser energy to decrease the production of fluid in the eye.

Glaucoma surgery can help to control the progression of the disease, preserve vision, and reduce the need for long-term medication use. The specific surgical approach is determined based on the type and severity of glaucoma, as well as the individual patient's condition.

Tonometry: This test measures the intraocular pressure (IOP) by using an instrument to gently touch or blow a puff of air onto the surface of the eye.

Ophthalmoscopy: It involves examining the optic nerve at the back of the eye using an ophthalmoscope, which allows the doctor to assess any signs of damage or abnormalities.

Perimetry (Visual Field Test): This test evaluates the peripheral vision by presenting a series of light stimuli and measuring the patient's ability to detect them.

Gonioscopy: It is performed to examine the drainage angle of the eye using a special lens. It helps determine if the angle is open or narrow, which is crucial in diagnosing certain types of glaucoma.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This non-invasive imaging test provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of the optic nerve, retina, and other structures within the eye. It helps in assessing the thickness and health of the optic nerve and detecting any abnormalities.

Fundus Photography: It involves capturing detailed photographs of the back of the eye, including the optic nerve and retina. These images assist in monitoring changes over time and identifying any signs of glaucoma damage.

Pachymetry: This test measures the thickness of the cornea, which is important in determining accurate intraocular pressure readings.

Visual Acuity Test: This standard eye chart test assesses a person's ability to see and identify letters or objects at various distances, providing an overall evaluation of visual function.

Ultrasound Biomicroscopy: It uses ultrasound waves to create detailed images of the eye's internal structures, especially the anterior segment, helping evaluate the drainage angle and other abnormalities.

It's crucial to consult with an ophthalmologist or glaucoma specialist who can assess your specific condition and determine the most appropriate diagnostic tests based on your symptoms, medical history, and other factors.

1. High intraocular pressure: Glaucoma surgery is often recommended when the intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye is too high and cannot be controlled with medication or other treatments. High IOP can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss.

2. Progression of glaucoma: If glaucoma is left untreated or not managed properly, it can progress and cause irreversible damage to the optic nerve. Surgery may be necessary to prevent further damage and preserve vision.

3. Medication intolerance: Some patients may be unable to tolerate the side effects of glaucoma medications or may not respond well to them. In such cases, surgery may be a viable alternative.

4. Congenital glaucoma: Infants and children born with congenital glaucoma may require surgery to prevent vision loss and promote healthy eye development.

5. Secondary glaucoma: Glaucoma can also develop as a result of other eye conditions or diseases, such as uveitis or diabetes. Surgery may be necessary to manage the underlying condition and prevent glaucoma from progressing.

6. Trauma: In some cases, trauma to the eye can cause glaucoma. Surgery may be necessary to repair the damage and prevent further vision loss.

Glaucoma is often called the "silent thief of sight" because it typically does not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, as the condition progresses, some individuals may experience the following symptoms:

Vision loss: Glaucoma initially affects peripheral vision, leading to the gradual loss of side vision. Over time, if left untreated, it can progress to central vision loss, leading to tunnel vision or complete blindness.

Blurred or hazy vision: Some individuals with glaucoma may experience blurred or hazy vision, which can affect their ability to see objects clearly.

Increased sensitivity to light: Glaucoma may cause increased sensitivity to light, making it uncomfortable to be in bright environments or to see well in low-light conditions.

Halos around lights: Some people with glaucoma may perceive halos around lights, especially at night or in low-light situations.

Eye pain or discomfort: In certain cases, glaucoma can cause eye pain, redness, or a feeling of pressure or discomfort in the eye.

Headaches: Chronic headaches, especially around the temples or behind the eyes, can be a symptom of glaucoma, although they are not exclusive to this condition and can have various other causes.

It's important to note that these symptoms can also be associated with other eye conditions, so a proper diagnosis by an eye care professional is crucial. Regular eye exams, especially for individuals at higher risk for glaucoma (such as those with a family history or certain medical conditions), can help detect glaucoma early and prevent vision loss. If you experience any of these symptoms or have concerns about your eye health, it is recommended to consult with an ophthalmologist or optometrist.

Trabeculectomy

Treatment/Procedure: Trabeculectomy is a surgical procedure used to treat glaucoma by creating a new drainage channel for the aqueous humor to reduce intraocular pressure.

How it is done: A small flap is created in the sclera (white part of the eye) and a tiny hole is made in the underlying tissue. This allows the aqueous humor to drain out of the eye and into a small blister-like space called a bleb, where it is absorbed by the surrounding tissue.

Time it takes: The procedure usually takes about 30-45 minutes to complete.

Risk associated: The risks associated with trabeculectomy include infection, bleeding, cataract formation, and vision loss.

Cost of treatment: The average cost of trabeculectomy in good hospitals in India is around USD 1,500-2,000. However, the cost may vary depending on the hospital, location, and the surgeon's experience.

Laser Trabeculoplasty

Treatment/Procedure: Laser Trabeculoplasty is a type of laser surgery used to treat open-angle glaucoma by reducing intraocular pressure.

How it is done: During the procedure, a laser is used to target the trabecular meshwork, which is responsible for draining the fluid from the eye. The laser creates small holes in the meshwork, allowing the fluid to drain more easily and reducing the pressure in the eye.

Time it takes: The procedure usually takes around 10-15 minutes per eye.

Risk associated: The risks associated with Laser Trabeculoplasty are minimal and include temporary inflammation, bleeding, and increased eye pressure.

Cost of treatment: The average cost of Laser Trabeculoplasty in India is around USD 500-1000 in good hospitals. However, the cost may vary depending on the hospital, location, and the experience of the surgeon.

Glaucoma Drainage Implants

Treatment/Procedure: Glaucoma Drainage Implants are small devices that are surgically implanted in the eye to help drain excess fluid and reduce pressure on the optic nerve.

How it is done: The procedure involves making a small incision in the eye and inserting the implant, which is designed to allow fluid to flow out of the eye and into a small reservoir. The implant is typically made of silicone or other biocompatible materials and is designed to be long-lasting.

Time it takes: The procedure typically takes about 30-60 minutes to complete, depending on the complexity of the case.

Risk associated: As with any surgical procedure, there are risks associated with Glaucoma Drainage Implants, including infection, bleeding, and damage to the eye. However, the risks are generally low and most patients experience few complications.

Cost of treatment: The average cost of Glaucoma Drainage Implants in India is around $1,500-$2,500, depending on the hospital and the specific type of implant used. However, costs can vary widely depending on a number of factors, including the patient's individual needs and the complexity of the procedure. It is important to consult with a qualified healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment and to get an accurate estimate of the cost.

Cyclophotocoagulation

Treatment/Procedure: Cyclophotocoagulation is a surgical procedure used to treat glaucoma by reducing the production of aqueous humor in the eye.

How it is done: A laser is used to target and destroy the ciliary body, which is responsible for producing aqueous humor. This reduces the pressure in the eye and helps to prevent further damage to the optic nerve.

How much time it takes: The procedure typically takes around 30 minutes to an hour to complete.

How much risk is associated: There are some risks associated with cyclophotocoagulation, including bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding tissue. However, these risks are relatively low.

Average cost of treatment (USD) in India for good hospitals: The average cost of cyclophotocoagulation in India is around $1,000 to $1,500. However, the cost may vary depending on the hospital and the specific case.

Evaluation: Undergo a comprehensive eye examination and consultation with an ophthalmologist to assess the severity of glaucoma, determine the suitability for surgery, and discuss treatment options.

Medication management: Follow the prescribed glaucoma medications as instructed by the doctor leading up to the surgery.

Pre-operative instructions: Follow any specific instructions provided by the surgeon, such as fasting requirements or medication adjustments prior to the surgery.

Anesthesia: Discuss the type of anesthesia that will be used during the surgery with the surgeon.

Surgical procedures: There are different types of glaucoma surgeries, including trabeculectomy, tube shunt surgery, laser trabeculoplasty, and cyclophotocoagulation. The surgeon will determine the most appropriate procedure based on the individual case.

Post-operative care: Follow the surgeon's instructions regarding the use of eye drops, medication, and follow-up appointments to monitor the healing process and ensure optimal results.

Risks and complications: Understand the potential risks and complications associated with glaucoma surgery, such as infection, bleeding, or changes in vision.

Rehabilitation and support: Depending on the surgery, vision may take time to stabilize. Rehabilitation and support services may be recommended to assist with the recovery process.

Regular check-ups: Attend regular follow-up visits with the ophthalmologist to monitor the progress of the surgery and manage any ongoing glaucoma treatment.

It's important to consult with an experienced ophthalmologist to determine the most suitable treatment approach for your specific case of glaucoma and to address any concerns or questions you may have.

After glaucoma surgery, proper post-treatment care is crucial for successful outcomes and maintaining the health of your eyes. Here are key considerations;

Medication: Use prescribed eye drops or medications as instructed by your ophthalmologist. Follow the recommended schedule to control eye pressure and prevent infection.

Eye Protection: Wear an eye shield or protective eyewear, especially while sleeping or engaging in activities that may pose a risk of eye injury.

Avoid Eye Rubbing: Refrain from rubbing or putting pressure on the operated eye to prevent damage to the surgical site. Avoid strenuous activities that strain the eyes.

Rest and Recovery: Take adequate rest and limit physical exertion, avoiding activities that increase eye pressure.

Follow-up Appointments: Attend scheduled follow-up visits with your ophthalmologist to monitor healing progress and adjust treatment if needed.

Report Symptoms: Notify your ophthalmologist promptly if you experience severe eye pain, vision changes, increased redness, or other concerning symptoms.

Healthy Lifestyle: Maintain a balanced diet, stay hydrated, and avoid smoking to promote overall eye health.

By following these guidelines and staying in close communication with your ophthalmologist, you can support the success of glaucoma surgery and maintain eye health. Consult your ophthalmologist for personalized post-treatment care instructions.

1. Dr. Amar Agarwal - Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital, Chennai
2. Dr. Mahipal Sachdev - Centre for Sight, New Delhi
3. Dr. Cyres Mehta - Mehta Eye Clinic, Mumbai
4. Dr. Rajesh Khanna - Khanna Institute of LASIK, Los Angeles (also has a clinic in New Delhi)
5. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai
6. Dr. Sanjay Dhawan - Centre for Sight, New Delhi
7. Dr. Rupal Shah - Rupal Eye Hospital, Mumbai
8. Dr. Anand Shroff - Shroff Eye Hospital, Mumbai
9. Dr. Deepak Garg - Eye7 Chaudhary Eye Centre, New Delhi
10. Dr. Rohit Shetty - Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore
11. Dr. Parul Sharma - Maxivision Eye Hospital, New Delhi
12. Dr. S. Bhattacharjee - Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai
13. Dr. Rishi Swarup - Swarup Eye Centre, Hyderabad
14. Dr. Rajesh Sinha - Apollo Spectra Hospitals, New Delhi
15. Dr. Anil Arora - Arora Eye Hospital, Mumbai
16. Dr. Shibal Bhartiya - Bhartiya Eye Hospital, Meerut
17. Dr. S. Natrajan - Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital, Chennai
18. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai
19. Dr. S. K. Sundaram - Sundaram Eye Hospital, Chennai
20. Dr. S. Natarajan - Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai

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Sankara Nethralaya - Chennai
LV Prasad Eye Institute - Hyderabad
Aravind Eye Hospital - Madurai
Dr. Agarwal's Eye Hospital - Chennai
Shroff Eye Centre - Delhi
Narayana Nethralaya - Bangalore
Ruby Hall Clinic - Pune
Manipal Hospital - Bangalore
Max Super Speciality Hospital - Delhi
Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital - Mumbai
Fortis Hospital - Mumbai
Apollo Hospitals - Chennai
Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon
Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre - Mumbai
Aster Medcity - Kochi
These private hospitals have specialized ophthalmology departments with experienced ophthalmologists who can perform glaucoma surgery. However, it's important to further research each hospital's expertise, facilities, patient reviews, and consult with ophthalmologists to determine the best-suited hospital for your specific needs.

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Glaucoma Surgery