Heart failure
Heart failure is a chronic condition that requires surgery duration and hospitalization based on the severity of the condition, and post-surgery care is essential for a successful recovery.
Average cost of treatment-
$6,000-$12,000
Heart failure is a chronic and progressive condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. It is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Heart failure can be caused by a variety of factors, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, and certain medications. Symptoms of heart failure can include shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, and difficulty exercising. Treatment for heart failure may include lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgery or other procedures. It is important for individuals with heart failure to work closely with their healthcare providers to manage their condition and prevent complications.
To diagnose heart failure, healthcare professionals may use the following diagnostic tests and procedures:
Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination helps assess the signs and symptoms of heart failure, such as abnormal heart sounds, fluid retention, and irregular heartbeat.
Blood Tests: Blood tests are done to measure certain biomarkers associated with heart failure, such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP). Elevated levels of these markers indicate the presence of heart failure.
Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray provides images of the heart, lungs, and surrounding structures. It helps detect abnormalities, such as an enlarged heart, fluid buildup in the lungs, or congestion.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart and helps identify any irregularities or abnormalities in the heart rhythm.
Echocardiogram: This non-invasive test uses sound waves to create real-time images of the heart's structure and function. It evaluates the heart's pumping ability, the thickness of the heart walls, and the function of the heart valves.
Stress Test: A stress test involves monitoring the heart's activity while the person exercises on a treadmill or stationary bike. It helps assess the heart's response to physical activity and can reveal any signs of reduced blood flow to the heart.
Cardiac Catheterization: In this procedure, a thin tube is inserted into a blood vessel and guided to the heart. It allows for the measurement of pressures within the heart and the assessment of coronary artery disease.
Cardiac MRI: A cardiac MRI provides detailed images of the heart using magnetic fields and radio waves. It helps evaluate the heart's structure and function and can detect abnormalities.
The specific diagnostic tests and procedures performed may vary depending on the individual's symptoms, medical history, and the suspected cause of heart failure. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis of heart failure.
1. High blood pressure: Uncontrolled high blood pressure can cause damage to the heart muscle, leading to heart failure.
2. Coronary artery disease: Narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries can reduce blood flow to the heart muscle, causing damage and eventually leading to heart failure.
3. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing heart failure due to the damage high blood sugar levels can cause to the heart muscle.
4. Obesity: Being overweight or obese can put extra strain on the heart, leading to heart failure.
5. Smoking: Smoking damages the blood vessels and can cause atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart failure.
6. Alcohol abuse: Heavy alcohol consumption can weaken the heart muscle and lead to heart failure.
7. Family history: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk of developing heart failure.
8. Age: As people age, the risk of developing heart failure increases.
9. Sleep apnea: Sleep apnea can cause high blood pressure and put extra strain on the heart, leading to heart failure.
10. Viral infections: Certain viral infections, such as myocarditis, can cause inflammation of the heart muscle and lead to heart failure.
Heart failure is a chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The symptoms of heart failure can vary from person to person, and they may develop gradually over time or suddenly in acute cases. Here are some general symptoms that may be associated with heart failure:
Shortness of breath: Breathlessness or difficulty breathing, especially during physical activity or when lying flat, is a common symptom of heart failure. It may be accompanied by wheezing or coughing.
Fatigue and weakness: Feeling tired, weak, or exhausted even with minimal physical exertion is a common symptom. This fatigue can impact daily activities and quality of life.
Swelling: Swelling or fluid retention, known as edema, can occur in different parts of the body, such as the legs, ankles, feet, or abdomen. This swelling is caused by fluid buildup due to the heart's inability to pump effectively.
Rapid or irregular heartbeat: Heart palpitations, a fast heartbeat, or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias) can occur in heart failure. These palpitations may be felt as a fluttering sensation in the chest.
Persistent cough: A chronic cough, which may produce white or pink blood-tinged phlegm, can be a symptom of heart failure. The cough may worsen at night when lying down.
Decreased exercise tolerance: Difficulty performing physical activities that were previously well-tolerated can be a sign of heart failure. This can be due to the heart's reduced ability to pump blood and deliver oxygen to the muscles.
Sudden weight gain: Unexplained weight gain over a short period, often accompanied by swelling, can be a sign of fluid retention due to heart failure.
It's important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other medical conditions. If you experience any of these symptoms or have concerns about your heart health, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Diagnostic tests for heart failure may include a physical examination, blood tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiogram, stress tests, and cardiac catheterization. These tests help assess the function and structure of the heart and determine the underlying cause of heart failure.
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Treatment/Procedure: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure to improve blood flow to the heart by bypassing blocked or narrowed arteries.
How it is done: During the procedure, a surgeon takes a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body, such as the chest, leg, or arm, and attaches it to the blocked or narrowed artery in the heart. This creates a new route for blood to flow to the heart muscle.
Time it takes: The procedure usually takes 3-6 hours, depending on the number of blocked arteries and the complexity of the surgery.
Risk associated: As with any surgery, there are risks associated with CABG, including bleeding, infection, stroke, heart attack, and even death. However, the risk of complications is generally low, and most people recover well from the surgery.
Cost of treatment: The average cost of CABG in India for good hospitals is around $6,000-$8,000. However, the cost may vary depending on the hospital, the surgeon's fees, and other factors. It is important to note that the cost of CABG in India is significantly lower than in many other countries, making it a popular destination for medical tourism.
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation
Treatment/Procedure: Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is a surgical procedure that involves the placement of a mechanical pump, known as an LVAD, to support the pumping function of the left ventricle of the heart. It is typically performed in patients with severe heart failure who are not responsive to other treatment options.
How it is done: During the procedure, the surgeon makes an incision in the chest to access the heart. The LVAD is then implanted and connected to the left ventricle and aorta, bypassing the weakened or failing heart muscle. The device is powered by an external controller and battery pack, which are worn outside the body. The LVAD assists the heart in pumping blood, improving circulation and alleviating symptoms of heart failure.
Time it takes: The duration of LVAD implantation can vary depending on the complexity of the case and the patient's condition. On average, the surgery may take around 4 to 6 hours.
Risk associated: LVAD implantation is a complex procedure that carries risks, as with any major surgery. Potential risks and complications include bleeding, infection, blood clots, device malfunction, stroke, and problems with the electrical system of the heart. Patients may also experience complications related to the long-term use of the LVAD, such as device-related infections or complications with the driveline, which connects the device to the external controller and power source.
Cost of treatment: The cost of LVAD implantation in India can vary depending on factors such as the hospital, the type of LVAD used, the surgeon's fees, post-operative care, and the duration of hospital stay. Additionally, ongoing costs related to device management, follow-up visits, and medications should also be considered. On average, the cost of LVAD implantation in India ranges from $30,000 to $50,000 or more. It is important to consult with the hospital and discuss the specific treatment plan and associated costs to obtain an accurate estimate.
Heart transplant
Treatment/Procedure: Heart transplant is a surgical procedure in which a diseased or damaged heart is replaced with a healthy heart from a deceased donor.
How it is done: The patient is put under general anesthesia and the surgeon removes the diseased heart and replaces it with the healthy heart from the donor. The new heart is then connected to the patient's blood vessels and the patient is monitored closely for any complications.
Time it takes: The surgery can take anywhere from 4 to 8 hours, and the patient will need to stay in the hospital for several weeks after the surgery for monitoring and recovery.
Risk associated: Heart transplant is a major surgery and there are risks associated with it, such as bleeding, infection, rejection of the new heart, and complications from the immunosuppressive medications that the patient will need to take for the rest of their life.
Cost of treatment: The average cost of heart transplant in India for good hospitals is around $50,000 to $70,000. However, the cost can vary depending on the hospital, the surgeon, and other factors. It is important to note that this cost does not include the cost of pre-transplant evaluation, post-transplant care, and immunosuppressive medications, which can add significantly to the overall cost.
Mitral valve repair or replacement surgery
Treatment/Procedure: Mitral valve repair or replacement surgery is a surgical procedure to treat a damaged or diseased mitral valve in the heart.
How it is done: The surgery can be done through open-heart surgery or minimally invasive surgery. In open-heart surgery, the chest is opened to access the heart, while in minimally invasive surgery, small incisions are made in the chest to access the heart. The surgeon repairs or replaces the damaged valve during the surgery.
Time it takes: The surgery can take 3-6 hours, depending on the complexity of the case.
Risk associated: The risks associated with the surgery include bleeding, infection, blood clots, stroke, and heart attack.
Cost of treatment: The average cost of mitral valve repair or replacement surgery in India is around USD 6,000-10,000 in good hospitals. However, the cost may vary depending on the hospital, surgeon, and the patient's condition.
When undergoing surgery for heart failure, thorough preparations are necessary to ensure the best possible outcomes. Here are key steps to consider:
Medical Evaluation: Undergo a comprehensive medical evaluation, including tests and imaging, to assess the severity and underlying causes of heart failure.
Cardiac Medications: Review and adjust medications to optimize heart function and manage symptoms before surgery.
Lifestyle Modifications: Adopt a heart-healthy lifestyle by following a balanced diet, engaging in regular exercise, quitting smoking, and managing stress.
Fluid and Sodium Restrictions: Adhere to recommended fluid and sodium restrictions to prevent fluid buildup and alleviate strain on the heart.
Preoperative Instructions: Follow specific instructions provided by the healthcare team regarding fasting, medication adjustments, and preparation for anesthesia.
Coordination with Healthcare Team: Communicate regularly with cardiologists, surgeons, and anesthesiologists to ensure a comprehensive and coordinated approach to care.
Support System: Arrange for a support system of family or friends to assist during the surgery and recovery period.
Mental and Emotional Preparation: Seek emotional support and counseling to address any anxiety or concerns before the surgery.
Financial Planning: Understand the costs associated with the surgery, insurance coverage, and available financial assistance programs.
Postoperative Care Planning: Discuss postoperative care plans, including medications, rehabilitation, and follow-up appointments.
By carefully preparing for heart failure surgery, patients can optimize their overall health, reduce risks, and enhance the chances of a successful procedure and improved quality of life.
After undergoing treatment for heart failure, the following post-surgery care and treatment requirements are essential:
Medication Management: Take prescribed medications as directed, including medications to manage heart function, blood pressure, fluid balance, and other underlying conditions.
Dietary Changes: Adopt a heart-healthy diet low in sodium, saturated fats, and cholesterol. Increase intake of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
Fluid Restriction: Limit fluid intake as per your healthcare provider's instructions to avoid fluid overload and maintain proper fluid balance.
Regular Exercise: Engage in a cardiac rehabilitation program or follow an exercise plan prescribed by your healthcare team to improve heart function, strengthen muscles, and enhance overall cardiovascular health.
Weight Monitoring: Keep track of your weight daily and report any sudden weight gain or loss to your healthcare provider as it may indicate fluid retention or dehydration.
Lifestyle Modifications: Quit smoking, limit alcohol consumption, and manage stress through relaxation techniques, counseling, or other appropriate interventions.
Follow-Up Appointments: Attend all follow-up visits with your healthcare team to monitor your progress, review test results, and adjust medications or treatment plans as needed.
Emotional Support: Seek support from loved ones, join support groups, or consider counseling to address emotional and psychological aspects related to heart failure.
It is crucial to adhere to these post-surgery care requirements and maintain regular communication with your healthcare team to manage heart failure effectively and improve your quality of life.
The success rate of surgical procedures for heart failure in India varies depending on the type of surgery and the severity of the condition. Generally, the success rate for heart surgeries in India is high, with a success rate of around 90% for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and around 85% for heart valve replacement surgeries. However, the success rate may vary depending on the individual case and the expertise of the surgeon and medical team. It is important to consult with a qualified and experienced cardiac surgeon to determine the best course of treatment and the expected success rate for your specific case.
1. Dr. Naresh Trehan - Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon
2. Dr. Devi Shetty - Narayana Health, Bangalore
3. Dr. Ashok Seth - Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, New Delhi
4. Dr. Ramakanta Panda - Asian Heart Institute, Mumbai
5. Dr. KM Cherian - Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai
6. Dr. Vivek Jawali - Fortis Hospitals, Bangalore
7. Dr. Rajiv Agarwal - Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi
8. Dr. S. S. Sibia - Sibia Medical Centre, Ludhiana
9. Dr. Anil Bhan - Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi
10. Dr. Ajay Kaul - Apollo Hospitals, New Delhi
11. Dr. Praveen Chandra - Medanta Hospital, Gurgaon
12. Dr. Vijay Dikshit - Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai
13. Dr. R. R. Kasliwal - Medanta Hospital, Jaipur
14. Dr. Anil Kumar Singhi - Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad
15. Dr. Suresh Rao - Fortis Hospitals, Bangalore
16. Dr. Anoop Misra - Fortis Hospitals, New Delhi
17. Dr. Ravi Kumar - Apollo Hospitals, Chennai
18. Dr. S. K. Sinha - Apollo Hospitals, Kolkata
19. Dr. R. R. Mantri - Bombay Hospital, Mumbai
20. Dr. Pradeep Nambiar - Aster Medcity, Kochi
Apollo Hospitals - Chennai
Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon
Fortis Escorts Heart Institute - Delhi
Manipal Hospitals - Bangalore
Narayana Health - Bangalore
Max Super Speciality Hospital - Delhi
Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital - Mumbai
Columbia Asia Referral Hospital - Bangalore
Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals - Kolkata
Asian Heart Institute - Mumbai
Global Hospitals - Chennai
BGS Gleneagles Global Hospitals - Bangalore
Ruby Hall Clinic - Pune
Bombay Hospital - Mumbai
Continental Hospitals - Hyderabad
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